The continuities between this passage and 1:1–4—proclamation and fellowship—serve to frame the new elements introduced here. First, proclamation introduces the idea of a message (angelia), which was “heard from him” and then declared to John’s readers. Whereas proclamation in 1:1–4 is based on eyewitness testimony (1:3), here it consists of “the message we have heard from him” (1:5). Second, the message is that “God is light; in him there is no darkness at all” (1:5). Third, fellowship with God is
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